This belief might have emerged from evidence that rats raised in cages with amenities like exercise wheels, tunnels and other rats showed better cognitive abilities and improvements in brain structure compared with rats that grew up isolated in bare cages. But such experiments show only that a truly impoverished and unnatural environment leads to poorer developmental outcomes than a more natural environment with opportunities to play and interact. It follows that growing up locked in a closet or otherwise cut off from human contact will impair a child's brain development. It does not follow that 'enriching' a child's environment beyond what is already typical─for example, by constant exposure to 'Baby Einstein'-type videos─will boost cognitive development.
这种看法可能源自于下面的证据:关在有运动跑轮、隧道等设施的笼子里并有其它同类作伴的老鼠比孤零零关在空空荡荡的笼子里成长起来的老鼠表现出更强的认知能力和更优的大脑结构。但是这种实验只能证明,确实缺乏刺激物和不自然的环境比有机会玩耍和互动的更自然的环境更容易造成不良的发育后果。由此可以得出结论:将人锁在小屋子里或以其它方式切断人际交往会妨碍儿童的大脑发育。但却不能由此推断:在儿童所处的已经很典型的环境之外继续对环境加以丰富──比如,不停在孩子面前播放“幼儿爱因斯坦之类的视频──会促进认知能力的发展。
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