R. Gopalakrishnan, executive director of Tata Sons, thinks part of the problem lies in the fact that we treat luck as a single phenomenon. He says there are, in fact, three kinds.
Tata Sons执行董事戈R·帕拉克里什南(R. Gopalakrishnan)认为,部分原因在于,我们将运气作为单一的现象来对待。他说,实际上运气可以分为三种。
First, there is what he calls “earned luck, which comes from preparation and flexibility – “all the good that comes from hard work and being alert. An athlete who puts in long hours of training and finally makes it to the final of a major sporting event is the recipient of earned luck.
第一就是他所说的“赢得的运气,来源于充分准备和随机应变——“所有源自勤奋和敏捷的好事。一个运动员经过长时间的训练,最终打入重大赛事的决赛,他就是这种运气的获得者。
Then comes “unearned luck – pure chance events that come out of the blue. The same athlete who wins the top prize when his main opponent is forced to withdraw because of injury is the recipient of unearned luck.
还有就是“不劳而获的运气,纯粹是从天而降的运气。同样一个运动员如果是因为主要对手因伤退赛而获得冠军,那就是“不劳而获的运气。
Finally, says Mr Gopalakrishnan, there is a third “hybrid category that consists of unexpected events that, thanks to our training and preparation, we are able to recognise, seize and take advantage of. It is here that there are striking examples of businesses that have seized on lucky chances and turned them into competitive advantage.
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