As they report in Animal Cognition, "person-oriented behaviour" did sometimes take place when either the stranger or the owner hummed, but it was more than twice as likely to occur if someone was crying. This indicated that dogs were differentiating between odd behaviour and crying. And of the 15 dogs in the experiment that showed person-oriented responses when the stranger cried, all of them directed their attention towards the stranger rather than their owner.
正如他们在《动物的认知》中描述的一样,不管是陌生人还是狗的主人哼唱小曲儿,有时候狗的确会对人类的这些活动作出一定回应,但哭泣的人吸引到狗注意的概率比唱歌的人要高出两倍以上。这表明狗能区分哭泣与其他一些奇怪的行为。在此次实验中有15条狗在看到陌生人哭泣时表现出了同情人类的行为,这些狗都把注意力转向了哭泣的陌生人而非它们的主人。
These discoveries suggest that dogs do have the ability to express empathetic concern. But although the results are clear enough, Dr Custance argues that more work needs to be done to be sure that such behaviour is true empathy. It is possible, she points out, that the dogs were drawing on previous experiences in which they were rewarded for approaching distressed human companions. Dog-owners, however, are unlikely to need any more convincing.
这些发现表明狗的确有表达关心的能力。科斯坦斯博士说,尽管结论已经十分明确,我们仍需要更多做工来确定它们的行为是否真的因为它们能体会人类的感受。她指出,狗可能是出于以往获得的经验即靠近它们的人类同伴能获得奖励进而表现出这种行为。而对于狗能通人性这一点狗主人已经十分清楚了。
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