在乔哈尔和哈默曼最近发表的一篇研究中,他们发现可以通过提醒人们想起自己的优秀品质,来削弱他们的迷信倾向,这是一种被心理学家称作“自我肯定”的方法。在研究中,一些人先被要求写下能体现出自己富有同情心的经历,在随后的调查中,这些人比直接受调查者的迷信程度要小了许多。
All participants in the study answered obscure trivia questions on both blue and green computer backgrounds and were told, regardless of their actual score, that they performed better when answering questions presented on the green screen. When asked to choose the screen color for the final task, those who had been primed to remember their virtuous acts were less likely to choose the 'lucky' green background.
全部受试者分别在蓝、绿色背景的电脑上回答了一些不起眼的小问题,并被告知(无论真实成绩如何)他们在绿色屏幕的那台电脑上的答题得分更高。当被问到想用什么颜色的屏幕来完成最终任务时,那些先前被提醒过自己所做善举的人们较不太会选择“幸运的”绿色背景。
Reminding people of their good traits makes them more emotionally secure, says Claude Steele, an early researcher into the psychology of self-affirmation and now a dean in Stanford University's graduate school of education. 'If I feel secure that I am a good person, I can be more open to threat in general, and that makes me less needful of being superstitious,' he adds. It isn't that people no longer think their team will lose, or that they'll fail a test, he says. Instead, self-affirmation makes them more psychologically resilient, and helps them realize they can cope even if something bad happens.
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