All these systems start to erode after 40. And people also become more sedentary as they age and begin to rely on the visual system more heavily. The problem: The visual system doesn't work as quickly as the vestibular system, so people start getting shaky and risk falling. 'People then don't trust their own balance, so they become more sedentary,' says Dr. Cullen. 'And by becoming less active, you actually lose the ability to use or take advantage of [sensory information], and your balance gets worse.'
这些系统在40岁以后就开始退化。随着年龄的增长,人们坐着的时间越来越长,也开始更加依赖视觉系统。问题在于,视觉系统的反应速度不及前庭系统,所以人们就开始站不稳甚至摔倒。卡伦博士说:“于是人们就不再相信自己的平衡感,所以更愿意坐着。并且由于活动减少,你实际上失去了利用感官信息的能力,平衡感就更差了。”
Exercises can isolate these different systems and make the body work harder to keep them in top shape. Experts suggest doing exercises in a couple of five- to 10-minute bouts each day.
锻炼可以强化不同的系统,也会促使身体努力运转从而让这些系统保持最佳状态。专家建议每天以五到10分钟为一组,锻炼几次。
For people in cities with public transportation, avoid clutching tightly on to the poles in subway cars. A lighter grip will challenge your body to maintain stability on its own. Another option: Walk on many differences surfaces, says Mr. Jackson of Mount Sinai. When at a park, for example, alternate between walking on the pavement and the grass because the unstable surface will make the muscles work more.
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