The study participants were asked to do “moderately” stressful things, like speak in public or answer math problems in their heads. They were then asked to imitate certain movements, identify their own emotions or those of others, and judge something from another person’s perspective.

“What we observed was that stress worsens the performance of men in all three types of tasks. The opposite is true for women,” Silani said.

The researchers said their original hypothesis was that stress would make people more self-centered across the board, so they were partly correct.

They also said they aren’t sure why this is the case.

"At a psychosocial level, women may have internalized the experience that they receive more external support when they are able to interact better with others," Silani said.

On a physiological level, the discrepancy could be caused by oxytocin, the hormone connected with social behaviors, she added. Other studies have shown that women produce more oxytocin in stressful situations than men do.

The international study was led by Silani, who is from the International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA) in Trieste, Italy, in cooperation with researchers from the University of Freiburg in Germany and the University of Vienna.

The study was published in the journal Psychoneuroendocrinology.

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