科学家已经成功地培育了耳朵、气管、肝脏等人体器官,甚至把一些器官移植到人类身上。培育肌肉的挑战更大,因为肌肉纤维必须拥有合适的结构,从而能够紧密地结合在一起。它还要能够像天然肌肉一样收缩、发力,其细胞需要拥有充足的血液供应,而由于肌肉非常紧密,这一点有时候很难实现。
Skeletal muscle, the most abundant tissue in the body, typically is very good at repairing itself because it contains many adult stem cells that can create new muscle fibers. With diseases like muscular dystrophy or injuries that cause scar tissue, muscle stops being able to regenerate, which can lead to difficulty moving or even paralysis. Scar tissue, made of collagen, doesn't generate force and thus weakens the muscle. During normal aging, muscles also become weaker and gradually cease being able to repair themselves.
Nenad Bursac杜克大学生物化学工程学教授内纳德•布尔萨奇。人体最丰富的组织骨骼肌往往非常善于自我修复,因为它含有很多成年干细胞,可以生成新的肌肉纤维。如果有肌肉萎缩等疾病或形成瘢痕组织的伤口,肌肉就不再能够再生,有可能导致行动困难,甚至是瘫痪。由胶原质组成的瘢痕组织不产生力量,因此对肌肉起到削弱作用。在正常衰老过程中,肌肉也会变得越来越弱,并逐渐失去自我修复的能力。
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