“We know we’ve got a crisis, and the crisis is with boys,” said Elaine Kamarck, a resident scholar at Third Way and a former Clinton administration official. “We’re not quite sure why it’s happening.”
“我们知道我们面临着一场危机,这场危机发生在男孩身上,”第三条道路常驻学者,前克林顿政府官员伊莱恩·卡马克(Elaine Kamarck)说。“我们不太明白为什么会发生这种事。”
Two of the leading theories involve single-parent families and schools. The number of single-parent families has surged over the last generation, and the effect seems to be larger on boys in those families than girls. Girls who grow up with only one parent — typically a mother — fare almost as well on average as girls with two parents. Boys don’t.
两个主要理论涉及单亲家庭和学校。在过去一代人的时间里,单亲家庭数量急剧增长。在这类家庭中,男孩受到的负面影响似乎大于女孩。平均而言,单亲(通常是一个母亲)家庭女孩的学业表现几乎跟双亲家庭女孩一样好。而男孩做不到这一点。
But the trends seem too broad for family structure to be the only cause. That’s where schools come in.
但这些趋势似乎过于广泛,以至于家庭结构不可能是唯一原因。所以还需要探讨学校教育因素。
Girls enter school with a lead on boys, and schools then fail to close the gaps. Instead, they increase. The behavioral advantage that girls have over boys in kindergarten, based on teachers’ assessments of their students, are even larger in fifth grade.
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