Mental—health care has come a long way since the remedy of choice was trepanation — drilling holes into the skull to release "evil spirits." Over the last 30 years, treatments like cognitive-behavioral therapy, dialectical behavior therapy and family-based treatment have been shown effective for ailments ranging from anxiety and depression to post-traumatic stress disorder and eating disorders
古人们一度认为,心理问题是“邪灵”作祟,需要使用钻孔术,即在颅骨上钻孔来释放这些“邪灵”。如今,心理保健领域已经获得了长足的进步。研究显示,在过去的30年里,认知行为疗法、辩证行为疗法和家庭疗法均可有效地治疗从焦虑症、抑郁症到创伤后应激障碍、进食紊乱等一系列疾患。
The trouble is, surprisingly few patients actually get these kinds of evidence-based treatments once they land on the couch — especially not cognitive behavioral therapy. In 2009, a meta-analysis conducted by leading mental-health researchers found that psychiatric patients in the United States and Britain rarely receive C.B.T., despite numerous trials demonstrating its effectiveness in treating common disorders. One survey of nearly 2,300 psychologists in the United States found that 69 percent used C.B.T. only part time or in combination with other therapies to treat depression and anxiety.
问题是,几乎没有多少患者在接受诊察后真正获得了这些循证治疗,尤其是认知行为疗法。2009年,一项由一流的心理健康研究人员进行的荟萃分析发现,尽管认知行为疗法治疗常见疾病的有效性已经过大量试验证实,但美国和英国的精神病患者却很少接受这一疗法。此外,研究人员在调查了近2300名美国的心理医生后发现,在抑郁症和焦虑症的治疗中,有69%的患者仅在部分时间里使用认知行为疗法,或将其与其他疗法结合使用。
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