直至20世纪50年代,科学家才相信,睡眠完全是一个被动过程。现在,科学家认为身体的觉醒和睡眠模式是一种双进程模型(two-process model)。分为S进程:在夜间提升我们的睡眠渴望,抑制我们的觉醒中枢。以及C进程:在白天让我们保持清醒。这种双进程模式也被昼夜节律[1](circadian rhythm)所影响。
The circadian rhythm is the body’s clock that regulates our activities and behaviors. It’s controlled by the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) — a part of the brain known as the circadian rhythm pacemaker. Morning light lets the SCN know ‘Hey, it’s time to get up and start this process over again.’ As the sun sets, the SCN signals our body to calm down and prepare for sleep.
昼夜节律是身体的时钟,管理着我们的活动和行为。昼夜节律由视交叉上核(suprachiasmatic nucleus-SCN)所控制,视交叉上核是大脑的一部分,被称为昼夜节律起搏器。早晨的光线让视交叉上核知道“嘿,该起床了,重新再开始这一过程吧”。随着日落,视交叉上核给我们的身体发出信号,让身体平静下来,准备睡觉。
Disruptions to the circadian rhythm can prevent us from falling asleep at night and feeling overly tired during the day. These disruptions can also adversely effect our health.
昼夜节律如果被破坏,将会阻止我们在夜间入睡,让我们在白天感到极度疲惫。这种破坏也会对我们的健康产生有害影响。
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