仅在以字母“C开头的添加物英文名称中,我们就找到了小豆蔻油、角豆提取物、肉桂油、咖啡提取物、芫荽油、玉米糖浆以及一种甘菊花制成的油,等等。有些在以往列表中出现过的添加物消失不见了,如“灵猫净油,即灵猫的肛腺分泌物,以及海狸香,即西伯利亚海狸的一种类似分泌物。
Some compounds are added for physiological effects. Menthol adds a cool, minty taste, for example, but also has anesthetic effects, helping starters start and smokers get a 'medicinal' feeling. Sugars are added to produce a milder, more inhalable smoke -- but also because, when burned, they generate acetaldehydes, boosting the addictive potency of the resulting smoke.
有些添加在香烟里的化合物是为了实现一些人体生理层面的效果。举例而言,薄荷脑添加物能带来清凉的薄荷口感,但也有麻醉的作用,可以让新烟民很快适应香烟的口味,也让老烟民有一种“药物治疗的感觉。添加的糖分是为了使香烟的口感更柔和,更易吸入;同时,糖分燃烧时会生成乙醛,从而增强香烟的致瘾性。
Nicotine per se isn't typically added, apart from what is already found in precision-bred and blended tobacco leaf, but ammonia is used in abundance -- millions of pounds per year in fact -- to push the nicotine molecule from a 'bound' into a 'free base' state, creating a kind of crack nicotine. Levulinic acid is similarly added to increase the efficiency of nicotine binding in the brain. Cocoa is added for aroma but also for its impact as a bronchodilator: Cocoa contains the alkaloid theobromine, which helps open up the lungs to 'receive' smoke.
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2020-09-15
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