There is a flipside to admiration: insecurity and criticism. Sometimes mental illness. Working out retains a sheen of good health, even when it reaches dangerous levels. Because of appearances, problems can be hard to discern: eating disorders go undetected, drug violations unseen. Use of anabolic steroids and aggressive fat-strippers can morph into muscle dysmorphia, a disorder in which putting on muscle mass becomes all-consuming. One study in the United States, published in the journal Depression and Anxiety in 2010, found that 50 per cent of sufferers surveyed had attempted suicide at least once.
令人羡慕的事也有不好的一面:不安全感和批判眼光有时会引发精神疾病。为了保持健康的外表,健身锻炼有时甚至达到危险的程度。由于过于关注外表,对身体的内部问题往往会被忽视,例如对饮食失调和滥用保健药物和补剂往往视而不见。使用合成类固醇激素、强力减肥药物可以导致肌肉畸形。一份2010年发布在美国杂志《抑郁与焦虑》上的报告显示,50%的受访者曾因不堪痛苦至少企图自杀过一次。
Media outlets such as the Daily Mail and TMZ.com now hold men to the same impossible standards as women. Muscular bodies are praised, and the rich and famous mocked for their ‘man boobs’. Celebrities are not the only targets. In a 2017 survey by the Centre for Appearance Research at the University of the West of England in Bristol, 30 per cent of men said they’d heard others referring to their ‘beer belly’ and 19 per cent to their ‘moobs’ (man boobs). Three in five said such ‘body talk’ affected them negatively.
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