Not much, because the Ford Motor Company was – and is still – pilloried for acting in this way. The Pinto is notorious as one of the worst cars Ford – or any company – ever made. But it is more notorious still for its exploding fuel tank. Ford knew how to fix the problem at a cost of $11 per car.
我们肯定会觉得这家公司不怎么样,因为福特汽车(Ford Motor)就曾因这种行为受到公众的指责,现在依然没有获得原谅。众所周知,福特的平托(Pinto)是该公司(或任何其他汽车制造商)迄今为止生产过的最差车型。这个车型更广为人知的地方是它动不动就爆炸的油箱。福特事前就知道该如何解决油箱的隐患,只是每辆车要多花11美元。
But they estimated that only 180 people would die, and if you value life at $200,000 per head (including $900 for funeral expenses and an extra $10,000 because burning to death at the roadside is pretty unpleasant), it is cheaper to let accidents happen.
然而,福特估计这个隐患只会导致180人死亡,按照每位死者20万美元(这其中已经包括了900美元的葬礼费用,以及为在公路旁被烧死这种颇为惨烈的死亡方式而额外支付的1万美元)的赔偿标准计算,容许发生事故的可能性存在更合算。
The calculation is beyond parody or contempt. And yet while it is easy to say that safety, or human life, is priceless, in the real world trade-offs have to be made. Every cheap car could be made safer, but then it would cease to be a cheap car, and people who take a modest risk every time they leave the house (or, more dangerously still, stay at home) would not be able to benefit.
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