④across在物体表面“穿过;through则表示在三维空间内部“穿过。如:
They walked across the playground.
I walked through the forest.
⑤over / under / above / below。
over、above译作“在……之上;under、below译作“在……的下面,其区别在于over、under表示一种直接的、垂直的上下关系;而above、below则表示一般的“高于或“低于,不一定是垂直“在上或“在下。如:
A little boat is now under the bridge.
There is a bridge over the river.
The sun sinks below the horizon(地平线)
The window is well above the tree.
⑥表示地点介词的静态性和动态性
across the fields 跨过田野……, over the desert跨越沙漠
across the river横跨这条河……, over the hill翻过这座山
be in the house(静态,在这里……) stay out of the car(静态,在……外)
go into the house(动态,进入) fly out of the country(动态,离开)
(7)表示方式、手段、工具的介词
①by the year/hour/day按年/小时/天。如He rent a house by the year(day,hour).(按by+the+单位名称)但to the pound按磅算,to the ton按吨计。
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