还有,申请书在美国专利局堆积如山现在有超过1百万项待批,总共要等待约三年时间。
Dubious patents were granted, helped in part by court rulings that allowed patents to standon some software and business methods that many thought no one could lay claim to.
有争议的专利获得通过,这部分得益于法庭允许某些软件及经营模式获得专利,而这些人们普遍认为没有人会申请专利。
In Europe and Japan, where patentability standards are higher, this is less of a problem.
在专利标准较高的欧洲和日本,就没有此类问题。
Making things even more troublesome is that as lawsuits became particuarly lucrative somecompanies entered the fray to feed off them.
更麻烦的是诉讼特别有利可图,一些公司因此加入到混战当中,以此为业。
Non-practicing entities, which have intellectual property but no actual products, includesuch august bodies as the Harvard Medical School.
非执业实体机构有知识产权,但是没有实际产品,哈佛医学院这类众相追捧的机构就属此列。
But some NPEs are derided as trolls because their sole purpose seems to be to exploit thelegal system by demanding licensing fees from companies, sometimes for questionablepatents.
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