"When they start weighing cash, it’s a sign of runaway inflation," he said. "But Venezuelans don’t know just how bad it is because the government refuses to publish figures."
他说,“人们开始给现金称重,就是通货膨胀失控的标志,但委内瑞拉人不知道情况有多糟,因为政府拒绝公布通胀数据。”
Oil makes up a staggering 95 percent of Venezuela's exports, and accounts for a quarter of the country's economy, with oil-related revenues having historically supplied roughly half the government budget. This kind of over-reliance on a single export notoriously depresses all other industries in a country, in a phenomenon known by economists as "Dutch Disease".
石油出口在委内瑞拉的出口总额中占比高达95%,占该国经济总额的1/4。数据显示,委内瑞拉约一半的财政预算来源于与石油有关的税收。众所周知,这种过分依赖单一产品出口的经济模式会遏制该国其他行业的发展,经济学家将这种现象称为“荷兰病”。
When the price of oil on the global market collapsed by two-thirds in 2017, Venezuela had little else to fall back on, so a natural reaction would have been for the bolívar to collapse. But Mr Maduro, who succeeded Hugo Chávez following the revolutionary leader's death in 2013, instead tried to control the exchange rate, creating a massive black market for currency.
2017年,全球市场石油价格暴跌2/3,这让委内瑞拉的经济失去了依靠,玻利瓦尔币自然会因此贬值。但革命领袖雨果•查维斯2013年去世后,接任总统的马杜罗没有采取控制货币汇率的措施,反而成就了一个巨大的货币黑市。
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