另一个意义更广泛的教训是,在投行这样瞬息万变的业务中,只有进行严格管理才能阻止Libor丑闻这类事件中的不当行为。然而,上世纪90年代起,瑞银领导的多家银行把资金交付到它手里,它却缺乏管控这些资金的专业技能。
To its credit, UBS reflected long and hard about the 2008 crisis, in which it had to be bailed out by the Swiss National Bank after its board failed to grasp that it had been loaded with subprime debt. It commissioned Tobias Straumann, a lecturer at the University of Zurich, to analyse why it had ignored the lurking financial disaster.
值得称道的是,瑞银对2008年危机进行了长期而艰难的反思,在那次危机中,瑞银的董事会未能深刻认识到瑞银已持有过多的次级债务,结果不得不由瑞士央行(Swiss National Bank)出面纾困。为此瑞银委托苏黎世大学(University of Zurich)教师托比亚斯·施特劳曼(Tobias Straumann)分析为何瑞银忽略了潜伏的金融灾难。
“Top management was too complacent, wrongly believing that everything was under control, given that numerous risk reports, internal audits and external reviews always ended in a positive conclusion, Prof Straumann concluded. “The bank did not lack risk consciousness; it lacked healthy mistrust, independent judgment and strength of leadership.
施特劳曼的结论是:“由于无数的风险报告、内部审计以及外部审查总是得出正面结论,导致最高管理层太过自满,错误地相信一切都处于控制当中。瑞银并不缺少风险意识;它缺乏健康的怀疑精神、独立的判断能力以及强大的领导力。
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