《贝弗里奇报告》发表后马上引起轰动。负责该报告的工党部长级官员阿瑟·格林伍德(Arthur Greenwood)向下议院(House of Commons)表示,“在今人的记忆中,从没有一份文件像《贝弗里奇报告》这样,引起了如此大的反响,或如此大的期许。英国财政部(Treasury)意料之中地表示反对,温斯顿·丘吉尔(Winston Churchill)等许多保守党人也表示抱有保留意见。但迫于民意,当时的英国联合政府采纳了报告中的建议。
And so William Beveridge became an iconic figure. For many on the right, he was a utopian who bears substantial responsibility for Britain’s postwar economic decline. For many on the left, subsequent failures of social policy are largely attributable to the failure of successive governments to implement Beveridge’s vision. Neither portrait has much basis in fact.
威廉·贝弗里奇(William Beveridge)由此成为一个标志性人物。对许多右翼人士而言,他是个乌托邦主义者,对英国战后的经济下坡路负有巨大责任。对许多左翼人士而言,英国社会政策后来的诸多失败,很大程度上都是因为历届政府未能实施贝弗里奇的愿景。这两派的观点都没有很多事实根据。
Beveridge believed in social insurance, a concept created in Bismarckian Germany and reinvented in the US as the “single payer model. Benefits should be funded through actuarially calculated contributions, but premiums and claims are managed through a single state-sponsored pool.
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