贝弗里奇相信社会保险,这个概念诞生于俾斯麦(Bismarckian)时代的德国,在美国以“单一保险方付款人(single payer)制度的形式再现。福利的资金来源应该是经过精算师计算的缴费,但保费和理赔通过一个政府出资的单一资金池进行管理。
Beveridge explained that “benefit in return for contributions, rather than free allowances from the state, is what the people of Britain desire. His knowledge of “what the people of Britain desire had presumably been acquired during his public school education and subsequent career as permanent secretary of the Ministry of Food, director of the London School of Economics and master of University College, Oxford.
贝弗里奇这样解释自己的理论:“英国民众希望的是以缴费换取福利保障,而不是从政府免费获得津贴。贝弗里奇对“英国民众希望(什么)的理解,想必来自他本人的经历——在私立学校接受教育、后来先后担任食品部(Ministry of Food)常务次官、伦敦政治经济学院(London School of Economics)院长和牛津大学(Oxford)大学学院(University College)院长。
But, to be fair, Beveridge went on to explain that “this desire is shown both by the established popularity of compulsory insurance and by the phenomenal growth of voluntary insurance against sickness, against death and for endowment, and most recently for hospital treatment. It is shown in another way by the strength of popular objection to any kind of means test. This objection springs not so much from a desire to get everything for nothing, as from resentment at a provision which appears to penalise what people have come to regard as the duty and pleasure of thrift. Management of one’s income is an essential element of a citizen’s freedom. You would win applause for these sentiments at a Tea Party rally.
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