对于世界上大部分地区来说,两性差距在教育方面的改善比较显著,且进步不仅局限于富裕国家。全球来看,调查结果显示,在教育方面的两性差距已消失了93%。在莱索托和阿联酋等12个国家,女性识字率实际上还高于男性。35个国家的女孩接受小学教育的可能性要大于男孩。68个国家接受中学教育的女孩要多于男孩。在大学教育层面,69个国家中女生人数多于男生。
The gender gap on health is even smaller. There are some notable exceptions, of course. In China, India, Vietnam and Azerbaijan, for example, female-male birth ratios are still abnormally low. In other nations, such as Bangladesh, Pakistan, Botswana and Qatar, the healthy life expectancy of women is lower than that of men. But the global trend is in the opposite direction. We estimate that 96 per cent of the global gender gap in health has disappeared.
健康方面的性别差距则更小,当然也有一些明显的例外。比如在中国、印度、越南以及阿塞拜疆,女婴/男婴出生比仍低得反常。在其他国家,比如孟加拉国、巴基斯坦、博茨瓦纳和卡塔尔,女性的平均健康期望寿命要低于男性。但全球趋势与之相反。调查显示,在健康方面,96%的全球性别差距已经消失。
This is dramatic progress, but it is only part of the story. The gender gaps in economic participation and political power remain much wider – even in many wealthy nations. These gaps also differ significantly among countries. Some of the highest female labour-participation rates are in Malawi, Mozambique and Burundi, where women make up a larger portion of the workforce than men. By contrast, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Algeria and Syria have some of the world’s lowest female labour force participation rates. No country has reached parity on wages. While women hold more than 50 per cent of top management roles in the private and public sector in Jamaica and the Philippines, they make up less than 3 per cent of these positions in Pakistan and Yemen. In the US, women hold 43 per cent of these roles.
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