Skyscrapers are a sensible alternative to the stresses of sprawl. They enable the concentration of talent that generates ideas and prosperity. Building up replaces the car with the elevator as the core tool for transportation, helping to reduce carbon emissions and congestion.
摩天大楼是应对城市扩张压力的一种明智选择。它们能够汇聚英才,进而创造出新思想和经济繁荣。高楼的拔地而起使电梯取代汽车成为首要交通工具,这有助于削减碳排放并改善交通拥堵状况。
Yet tall towers can be ugly. They can also be expensive. And they can seem painfully out of touch with the architectural story of a city’s past. All of these dangers of height are used to argue against the upward building that London and many other cities badly need. Niemeyer’s genius was to diminish these downsides of density.
但高楼大厦或许外观丑陋,造价高昂,也可能显得与一个城市的历史建筑特色严重脱节。所有这些与高度有关的风险都被人用来反对伦敦以及很多其他城市所亟需推进的高楼建设。尼迈耶的天才之处就在于消除这些与建筑密集有关的负面影响。
Never has this been more important than today, as billions of people migrate from the countryside to cities in Asia and Africa. Cities help poor countries to become rich, but city-building on the scale that will be required in countries such as China in the coming decades will be extraordinarily challenging. When people live close to one another, congestion, crime and contagious disease can often result. Yet if mega-cities of the developing world do not build enough, or build only on the urban edge, the result will be that prices are too high, commutes too long, and too few people experience the benefits of urbanism.
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