虽然一直以来总是充斥着强烈的联邦主义元素,但1945年后的欧洲一体化进程是从舒曼计划(Schuman Plan)正式开始的。该计划旨在整合德国和法国的煤炭和钢铁工业,以避免两国爆发战争。在那之后建立起了旨在实现西欧贸易自由化的共同市常我记得自己曾敦促英国首相哈罗德·麦克米伦(Harold Macmillan)申请加入共同市常但随着时间推移,欧盟变得野心膨胀,涌现出了一批欧共体官员,他们关心的是如何增强欧盟自身的权力和影响。这时我就对他们失望了。
In recent economic policy it has achieved the worst of both worlds. It has constructed a network of regulation and red tape, of which business rightly complains. But it has combined this with highly restrictive macroeconomic policies, suggesting that the Bourbons in charge have learnt nothing and forgotten nothing from the catastrophic experiences of the 1930s.
欧盟近期经济政策在两个方面都糟糕透顶。首先是构建了一套繁琐的规章制度,企业对此理所当然地抱怨。但这套规章制度又与高度限制性的宏观经济政策结合起来,表明极端保守的政治领导人们从20世纪30年代的灾难经历中“什么都没学会,也什么都没忘记。
Mario Monti, the “technocrat now leading Italy, has said that his role model is Luigi Einaudi, the distinguished anti-fascist economist who became the country’s second president after the second world war. But in Einaudi’s time the world was a seller’s market; and a courageous government only had to restrict home demand for buyers to come to its doorstep. Today such orthodox policies would have to be accompanied by a free exchange rate, ruled out by the euro.
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