研究人员让学生们进行词汇联想测试及产品头脑风暴。这两项活动均需要注意力和创造力。实验过程中,研究人员逐渐将背景噪音的音量调高,暗中观察学生的表现,最终得出了上述结论。他们发现,当背景噪音为中等程度——70分贝时,学生的表现最好,提出的创造性方案最多。背景噪音降低(50分贝,房间处于安静状态)时,他们的表现有所打折。而噪音很大(85分贝,相当于垃圾处理厂的声音)时,他们的表现最差。巧合的是,70分贝正好是一间咖啡馆坐满人时的环境噪音音量。
What’s going on here? According to the researchers, a little distraction can be a good thing thanks to a mind trick called “processing disfluency”—basically, the ease or speed in which you can process information.
这说明了什么?研究人员表示,稍微分下心有时候是件好事儿,因为我们的大脑会耍一个小花招,产生“处理不畅”——简单来说,就是指人脑在处理信息时的放松程度和运转速度。
While a “fluid” mental processing speed is most helpful for highly-focused tasks like, say, filing your taxes, this laser-focus can be detrimental to abstract thinking—you are mentally too close to the problem to be able to think abstractly, too caught up in the particulars. “This is why if you’re too focused on a problem and you’re not able to solve it,” said Dr. Ravi Mehta, one of the UBC paper’s authors. “You leave it for some time and then come back to it and you get the solution.”
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