制定该计划的政府机构——芬兰社会保险机构委托的一项民意调查显示,69%的民众支持基本收入计划。芬兰总理Juha Sipilä支持这一计划,他得到了多数主要党派的支持。他说:“对我而言,基本收入计划意味着社会保障体系简化。”
But for those outside Finland, the plan raises two obvious questions: Why is this a good idea, and how will it work?
但对局外人来说,这项计划引发两个明显的问题:这为什么是一个好主意,它怎么实施呢?
It may sound counterintuitive, but the proposal is meant to tackle unemployment. Finland’s unemployment rate is at a 15-year high, at 9.53% and a basic income would allow people to take on low-paying jobs without personal cost. At the moment, a temporary job results in lower welfare benefits, which can lead to an overall drop in income.
该提案旨在解决失业问题,虽然这听起来可能有点违反直觉。芬兰的失业率创15年来新高,达到9.53%。基本收入可以让人们接受底薪工作。而现在,一份临时工作将导致低福利待遇,从而收入全面下降。
Previous experiments have shown that universal basic income can have a positive effect. Everyone in the Canadian town of Dauphin was given a stipend from 1974 to 1979, and though there was a drop in working hours, this was mainly because men spent more time in school and women took longer maternity leaves. Meanwhile, when thousands of unemployed people in Uganda were given unsupervised grants of twice their monthly income, working hours increased by 17% and earnings increased by 38%.
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