卡尼先后在哈佛大学(Harvard)和牛津大学(Oxford)取得了经济学学士和硕士学位。他在高盛(Goldman Sachs)工作了13年。卡尼自2008年起一直担任加拿大央行行长。2011年,另一位前高盛高管马里奥·德拉吉(Mario Draghi)卸任金融稳定委员会(FSB)主席、出任欧洲央行(ECB)行长之后,卡尼接任FSB主席。卡尼之所以声望很高,很大程度上是因为在他担任加拿大央行行长期间,加拿大经济表现相对强劲。这种令人欢喜的表现在多大程度上应归功于卡尼,这不好说,这种事一般都说不清楚。
Nevertheless, Mr Carney faces three huge challenges in his new job.
不过,卡尼上任后将面临三大挑战。
His first is political. The idea that the job of running the Bank of England is essentially technocratic is plainly wrong. In an economy using pure fiat (or state-made) money, the central bank makes discretionary decisions with huge consequences for income distribution, financial health, economic performance and fiscal solvency.
首先是政治上的挑战。认为执掌英国央行基本上是个技术活的想法大错特错。在一个完全使用法定(或国家发行)货币的经济体中,央行可以自由做出一些决策,这些决策会对收入分配、金融健康、经济表现和财政偿付能力产生重大影响。
No neat technocratic solutions exist. This is vastly more obvious today, after the financial crisis, which demolished the erroneous notion that stabilising inflation was a sufficient condition for stabilising the economy. The BoE’s decisions are deeply political. They are political in themselves. They become still more political when the governor is enjoined to comment on fiscal policy or to intervene in the financial system. An outsider will have some advantages in making these difficult decisions. He will be more independent. But will he also be viewed as legitimate?
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2020-09-15
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