To get infected, the so-called ICAM receptors, which the rhinovirus attaches to in order to enter the nasal cells, need to be open, Dr. Palmenberg said.
她说:“鼻病毒一直都存在,问题在于你什么时候会变得易受感染。”压力、缺乏睡眠和总体的健康状况等因素会使人们更容易感染。研究人员已发现了鼻病毒的150多种菌株或基因类型,他们相信可能还存在更多。病毒在上呼吸道区体温相对较低的环境(如鼻通道、鼻窦和咽喉)中复制最快。
'Rhinos are out there all the time, it's just a question of when you are susceptible,' she said. Factors such as stress, lack of sleep and people's overall health can make them more likely to get infected. More than 150 strains or genotypes of the rhinovirus have been identified and researchers believe there are probably many more.
其他病毒(如较少见的腺病毒)能在上呼吸道与下呼吸道自我复制并附着在受体上,引发更严重的疾病。
Rhinovirus replicates best in the relatively lower body temperatures of the upper respiratory area, such as the nasal passages, sinuses and throat.
包括冠状病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒和肠道病毒在内的其他病毒也被确认会引发感冒症状。NIH的分支、美国国家过敏症与传染病研究所(National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases)主任安东尼·福西(Anthony Fauci)说:“最令人困惑的事情是,还有20%至30%成年人普通感冒病症的原因未查明。”
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