冯路诺依曼和摩根斯坦曾假定存在“零和博弈,就像在跳棋中,一方的损失就是对手的收益。具有讽刺意味的是,据说在从小就与社会互动艰难的纳什博士观察到人类竞争活动很少会如此简单。
expanded game theory to include cooperative games (in which binding agreements can bemade) and n ooperative games (in which they cannot), and to allow for the possibility of mutualgain. Such an outcome became known as the Nash equilibrium.
他将博弈论扩展到包含合作博弈(其中可以达成有约束力的协议)和非合作博弈(其中达不成协议),并允许有共同获益的可能。这祥的结果是著名的纳什均衡。
Nash equilibriums, which he described in the hieroglyphics of mathematical symbols, existeverywhere. Two magazines might charge the same price so that each may achieve maximumprofit. Two rival nations might agree to arms treaties that limit each of their stockpiles butguarantee both countries a measure of security.
他以数学符号的天书描述的纳什均衡无处不在。两本杂志可能会采取相同的价格,以便双方都可以实现最大的利润。两个敌对国家可能会同意武器条约来限制他们的军备,但同时保证双方某种程度的安全。
The utility of Dr. Nash's work had limitations. One is that rivals frequently do not fully knoweach other's strategies, as his theories assumed. Another limitation is that in many cases,there is not a single possible outcome for a conflict but rather many potential outcomes.Game theorists John Harsanyi and Reinhard Selten shared with Dr. Nash the 1994 Nobel Prizefor contributions in those areas of the field. The prize citation recognized all three men for their"pioneering analysis."
【诺贝尔奖得主的人生故事激发了"美丽心灵"】相关文章:
最新
2020-09-15
2020-09-15
2020-09-15
2020-09-15
2020-09-15
2020-09-15