This change of attitude is partly due to the frustration caused by a lack of progress inreforming the Bretton Woods institutions, and particularly by Washington’s continued inabilityto ratify reforms that were supposed to give additional IMF voting rights to emergingcountries, most notably to China which currently has less voting rights than the Beneluxcountries.
这种态度的转变在一定程度上源于对布雷顿森林(Bretton Woods)机构改革缺乏进展感到失望,尤其是美国一直没能批准将国际货币基金组织(IMF)更多投票权赋予新兴国家的改革措施,特别是赋予中国更多投票权,中国目前的投票权低于比利时、荷兰和卢森堡三国之和。
Faced with such paralysis, at a time when development banks are more needed than ever totackle the challenges of infrastructure and sustainable development finance, China has decidedto organize things for itself and to promote a set of new financial institutions. Three havebeen formally established: the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, which has beencapitalized with $100bn dollars and is headquartered in Beijing; the New Development Bank(Brics Bank), based in Shanghai and with starting capital of $50bn; and an associatedContingent Reserve Arrangement of $100bn, which will receive up to $41bn from China.
面对这种无所作为,在全球比任何时候都更需要开发银行,来解决基础设施和可持续开发性金融面临的挑战之际,中国决定自己组织力量,推动一系列新的金融机构的设立。中国已正式创建了3个机构:亚洲基础设施投资银行(AIIB),法定资本为1000亿美元,总部位于北京;新开发银行(New Development Bank,即“金砖银行),总部设在上海,初始资本为500亿美元;以及配套的应急储备安排,规模为1000亿美元,中国最高出资410亿美元。
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