为了获取资金提供这种支持,成本被以抬高价格的方式转嫁给外国消费者。这种世界观正是俄罗斯经济中重量级企业、尤其是俄罗斯天然气工业公司(Gazprom)进行国有化的一个原因,也解释了俄罗斯滥用关税、在必要时再三违反条约以保持高额政府税收的做法。这类做法有利于那些非贸易型行业,主要是采掘行业,而损害了农业、技术等贸易型行业。
This is precisely what Messrs Bannon, Trump, Navarro and others in the US administration have been espousing, especially in regards to Mr Bannon’s call for massive infrastructure investments (a key non-tradeable).
这正是美国政府中班农、特朗普、纳瓦罗等人所一直支持的主张,特别是班农呼吁进行大规模的基础设施投资(关键的非贸易型行业)。
Once enacted, however, economic nationalism tends to take on a life of its own. Despite being a member of the World Trade Organisation, Russia has also famously utilised non-tariff barriers such as sanitary regulations and quality control to restrict trade from whomever it was quarrelling with at that moment.
然而,一旦付诸实施,经济民族主义往往就有了自己的生命。尽管属于世界贸易组织(WTO)的成员,但俄罗斯还总爱利用卫生法规和质量控制等非关税壁垒,限制与之爆发争执的国家的对俄贸易。
Tiny states that refuse to kowtow to Moscow’s political directives have been the recipients of Mr Putin’s trade policies, with Moldova and Georgia both suffering bans on their wine due to “pesticides” and Belarus seeing a ban on its dairy products in 2009. In each of these cases, a political dispute, generally involving a turn towards the EU, preceded these sudden quality issues.
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