表明意义如何影响工作满意度的一个更显著的例子,来自2001年发表的一项研究。两名研究人员——耶鲁大学的艾米·沃兹涅夫斯基(Amy Wrzesniewski)和如今为密歇根大学(University of Michigan)杰出荣休教授的珍·达顿(Jane Dutton)——想要弄明白为何一家大医院的某些保洁员比其他人更有干劲。于是她们开始进行访谈。她们发现,出于设计和习惯,保洁职工中的一些成员将他们的工作视为不仅是清洁,也是一种治疗的形式。例如,一位女保洁员要拖脑损伤病房的地板,那里很多住院病人都昏迷不醒。这位女性的职责很简单:换便盆、捡垃圾。但有时候她也会主动擦拭墙上的画,因为她相信,昏迷病人环境中一个微妙的刺激改变也可能帮他们加速恢复。她跟其他康复患者聊他们的生活。“我很喜欢让病人开心,”她告诉研究人员。“这其实并不属于我的岗位职责,但我喜欢为他们表演一番。”她会来回舞动,给在床边守夜的家人讲讲笑话,尽量让每个人振作起来,或让他们暂时忘掉平日笼罩在身上的疼痛与不确定感。在两位研究员所领导的一项2003年的研究中,另一名护工谈及把同一房间清洁两次,以便让一位压力过重的父亲能够放松心神。
To some, the moral might seem obvious: If you see your job as healing the sick, rather than just swabbing up messes, you’re likely to have a deeper sense of purpose whenever you grab the mop. But what’s remarkable is how few workplaces seem to have internalized this simple lesson. “There are so many jobs where people feel like what they do is relatively meaningless,” Wrzesniewski says. “Even for well-paid positions, or jobs where you assume workers feel a sense of meaning, people feel like what they’re doing doesn’t matter.” That’s certainly true for my miserable classmate earning $1.2 million a year. Even though, in theory, the investments he makes each day help fund pensions — and thus the lives of retirees — it’s pretty hard to see that altruism from his window office in a Manhattan skyscraper. “It’s just numbers on a screen to me,” he told me. “I’ve never met a retiree who enjoyed a vacation because of what I do. It’s so theoretical it hardly seems real.”
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