One important predictor of heart disease that the study did not assess, Dr. Sniderman said, was the relative size and number of LDL particles in the bloodstream. Two people can have the same overall LDL concentration, but very different levels of risk depending on whether they have a lot of small, dense LDL particles or a small number of large and fluffy particles.
斯奈德曼说,此次研究并没有评估心脏疾病的一项重要预测指标,即血液中LDL颗粒的相对大小和数量。两个LDL总体浓度相当的的人,患病风险可能差异很大,这取决于他们的LDL颗粒是数量多、体积小、密度高,还是数量少、体积大、密度低。
Eating refined carbohydrates tends to raise the overall number of LDL particles and shift them toward the small, dense variety, which contributes to atherosclerosis. Saturated fat tends to make LDL particles larger, more buoyant and less likely to clog arteries, at least when carbohydrate intake is not high, said Dr. Ronald M. Krauss, the former chairman of the American Heart Association’s dietary guidelines committee.
食用精炼碳水化合物可能会增加LDL颗粒的整体数量,并把它们变成体积小、密度高的类型。这可能会对动脉硬化起到促进作用。美国心脏协会膳食指南委员会前主席罗纳尔·M·克劳斯博士(Ronald M. Krauss)称,至少当碳水化合物的摄入量不高时,饱和脂肪可能会使LDL粒子变得更大、密度更低,从而降低堵塞动脉的可能性。
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