但这条理由缺乏证据支持。在央行正常发挥职能的所有主要国家,尽管赤字高企,利率却处于前所未有的低位。高利率的情况仅出现在一些欧元区国家,因为欧洲央行(ECB)无权做这些国家政府的最后贷款人。在其他地方,央行永远可以在必要的时候为赤字提供资金,使债券市场不受影响。
Experience includes no relevant case where budget cuts have actually generated increased economic activity. The International Monetary Fund has studied 173 cases of budget cuts in individual countries and found that the consistent result is economic contraction. That is what is happening: the countries with the biggest budget cuts have experienced the biggest falls in output.
并无相关实例证明削减预算可以增加经济活跃度。国际货币基金组织(IMF)研究了不同国家的173个削减预算的例子后发现,在这些例子中,削减预算无一例外地导致了经济收缩。当下的情况也是如此:那些预算削减幅度最大的国家,也出现了幅度最大的产出下滑。
For the truth, as we can now see, is that budget cuts do not inspire business confidence. Companies will only invest when they can foresee enough customers with enough income to spend. Austerity discourages investment.
事实上,如我们所见,削减预算并不能提振企业信心。企业只有在预见到存在足够多具备消费能力的消费者时,才会增加投资。紧缩政策抑制投资。
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