这项试验于5月13日发表在《新英格兰医学杂志》(The New England Journal of Medicine)上,它是迄今为止规模最大的一项以测试经济奖励能否改善人们健康为目的的研究。该试验采用了心理学和经济学部门在近几十年来建立起来的人类决策理论,并将其应用于美国最大的连锁药店CVS Caremark公司的员工及其朋友或亲戚。合计参与人数超过了2500人。
Researchers found that offering incentives was far more effective in getting people to stopsmoking than the traditional approach of giving free smoking cessation help, such ascounseling or nicotine replacement therapy like gum, medication or patches. But they alsofound that requiring a $150 deposit that would be lost if the person failed to stay off cigarettesfor six months nearly doubled the chances of success.
研究人员发现,与传统的戒烟方法,即通过各种方式免费帮人戒烟(如提供咨询,使用口香糖、药物或贴片等尼古丁替代疗法)相比,提供奖励的效果要好得多。但他们也发现,如果要求参与者交150美元保证金,且告知他们在6个月内无法戒烟就拿不回保证金,戒烟的成功率几乎可以翻一番。
“Adding a bit of a stick was much better than a pure carrot, said Dr. Scott Halpern, deputydirector of the Center for Health Incentives and Behavioral Economics at the University ofPennsylvania School of Medicine, who led the study.
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