We have seen a precipitous shift in the balance of Aristotle’s triad of persuasive appeals, ethos, pathos and logos.
我们看到,亚里士多德的修辞学三要素——人品诉求(ethos)、情感诉求(pathos)和理性诉求(logos)——之间的平衡已经出现急剧变化。
Logos — argument from evidence and settled or consistent premises — has been in a bear market.
理性诉求——依据证据和确定(或一贯)前提的论证——目前正处于熊市。
As Michael Gove said during the Brexit campaign that the people in this country have had enough of experts.
正如迈克尔.戈夫(Michael Gove)在退欧运动时所说,这个国家的人们已经受够了专家了。
To be fair to him, what he said was a little more subtle and specific — he recently told the BBC he was talking about a sub-class of economists and pollsters — but that sound bite is what is remembered because it caught a truth.
平心而论,他实际说的要稍微更委婉和具体一点——他最近向BBC称,他说的是经济学家和民调专家这个子集——但人们之所以记住了他被摘出来的这句话,是因为这句话说出了真相。
Instead we’ve had ethos appeals that depend on outsider authenticity and commonsense ideas of fairness or pride.
相反,我们看到的是对人品诉求这一要素的利用——依赖于局外人的可靠性和有关公平或骄傲的常识看法。
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