The shale revolution began in the late 1990s when the first modern shale well was drilled a few miles north of Fort Worth, Texas. The technology was pioneered by small, independent companies willing to take enormous financial risks, and helped along by landowners who owned their mineral rights and were ready to sell for a share of the profits. Wall Street eagerly financed shale exploration efforts. The industry also benefited from a large existing pipeline network and ample number of drilling rigs.
页岩气革命开始于上世纪90年代末,当时在美国德克萨斯州沃斯堡(Fort Worth)以北几英里处开钻了首个现代化页岩气井。开发页岩勘探技术的先锋是那些小规模的独立能源公司,它们愿意承受巨大的财务风险;而拥有页岩气田的土地所有者也为页岩开发助了一臂之力,他们拥有页岩的矿产权,乐于将这一权益卖给能源公司以分享页岩开发获得的利润。华尔街则热心地为页岩勘探提供财务支持。页岩产业还得益于美国业已存在的大规模输气网络以及为数众多的钻井设备。
This combination doesn't exist elsewhere in the world. 'The mineral rights, the availability of small players to enter the market, the availability of geological data, these things are all part of an entrepreneurial model that is unique to the United States,' says Julio Friedmann, the chief energy technologist at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in California.
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