波兰曾被视作页岩气开发较有希望的地区之一,但早期勘探井的天然气储量小于预期。此外,社区对钻探工作的谨慎态度和波兰政府对税务和特许权规定的调整也给业界的开发热情浇了一瓢冷水。埃克森美孚(Exxon Mobil Corp.)曾是开采波兰页岩气的早期支持者,该公司在钻了仅两口井之后便决定放弃,说没有发现足以证明可继续进行钻探的油气量。
China is believed to have more shale oil and gas than the U.S. The problem is that most of it is in arid or heavily populated areas; oil companies worry they won't be able to obtain enough water to hydraulically fracture the rock─the process needed to free hydrocarbons from shale. 'To create a flat drilling pad, we almost always have to take out some part of a hillside and basically someone's rice paddy,' says Simon Henry, Royal Dutch Shell RDSB.LN -0.12% PLC's executive director for the Asia Pacific region.
中国页岩油和天然气储量被认为超过美国,但问题是大多数油气资源位于干旱或人口稠密地区。油企担心无法获取足够多的水将页岩层压裂,从而释放其中的碳氢化合物。荷兰皇家壳牌有限公司(Royal Dutch Shell PLC)亚太区执行董事亨利(Simon Henry)说:为建设一块平坦的钻井台,我们几乎总要炸掉一部分山体,并占去主要为私人所有的庄稼地。
Argentina recently nationalized the assets of a Spanish company that discovered an enormous shale deposit there that is estimated to hold nearly one billion barrels of oil. This has chilled outside investment, which already suffered from rules that made it difficult to import needed technology and export potential profits. Houston-based Apache Corp., APA +0.16% which holds rights to drill in 450,000 acres of Argentine shale, says it can cost twice as much to drill a well there as the U.S., and then two to four times as much to frack the well so it can begin producing.
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