——推进“双创,我们有得天独厚的条件。我国有13亿多人口、9亿劳动力,目前劳动年龄人口平均受教育年限达到10年、高于世界平均水平,新增劳动力达到13年、接近中等发达国家平均水平,人力资源转化为人力资本的潜力巨大。同时,我们还有7000多万市场主体,其中有1800多万家企业。广大人民群众和市场主体拥有强烈的创业创新愿望,但仍有不少有形无形的枷锁束缚着他们的手脚。必须通过深化简政放权等改革,破枷清障、铺路搭桥,使他们轻装前进、不断发展壮大。我们已就深化上海自贸区改革进行了部署,吸引了大批国内创业者以及金融企业和中介机构,不少外商也跟进了。广东、天津、福建三个自贸区的体制机制创新也在加快推进。这些自贸区探索的经验要及时复制推广,使我国拥有更好的营商环境,是外资的最佳选择地。
The progress achieved in the past two years fully testifies to the effect of deepening reform through streamlining administration and delegating government power. In fact, we have learnt about the importance of such reform from the course of China's history, especially from the success of the reform and opening-up program over the past 37 years. The several-thousand-year-long Chinese civilization provides useful references. In this year's Report on the Work of the Government, I quoted an old Chinese saying that "good governance should be simple in its exercise" and stated that "power should not be used arbitrarily". It was echoed by the deputies to the National People's Congress. My inspiration comes from the ancient Book of Rites, which teaches us that "good governance, when exercised, brings the world together as one community (See Chapter: the Conveyance of Rituals)." And according to the Analects of Confucius, one should "hold the people in reverence and be simple in the measures he takes" when governing the people (see Chapter: Yong Ye). In other words, the job of the government is to keep the people's interests at heart and hold itself accountable to the people at all times while minimizing its intervention and interference in people's lives. The book then goes on to say that "it would be rather unacceptable to be simple both in the way that the government relates to the people and in the measures that it takes." Put simply, if the government exercises power by treating the people as nothing more than just simple subjects, it would be irresponsible and even disrespectful of moral standards. Historically, the prosperity of a dynasty usually came from good simple governance, from freeing the people of levies and taxes to allow them to rest and recover, whereas the decline or demise of a dynasty was usually brought by doing just the opposite, as a bad government, as an old Chinese saying goes, "is more dreadful than a wild tiger." The reform and opening-up process, which began following the Third Plenum of the 11th CPC Central Committee, has led China to remarkable progress. This is one recent example of how good governance, simple in exercise, has achieved the purpose of lifting restrictions and unleashing people's ingenuity by way of reform and opening-up. For instance, rural land reform was conducted in the 1980s with the introduction of the household contract responsibility system, which gave farmers full autonomy in the operation of their land and quickly improved their livelihood. That being said, the delegation of power does not mean zero regulation, but rather better service on the basis of better regulation. China's history over the past several thousand years as well as its 37 years of reform and opening-up shows that over-regulation stifles progress. Only by removing restrictions could we spark creativity, unleash and expand productivity and steadily raise people's living standards. To sum up, the key to good governance is respect for the people and the principle of simplicity in the exercise of government power.
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