北极具有独特的自然环境和丰富的资源,大部分海域常年被冰层覆盖。当前,北极自然环境正经历快速变化。过去30多年间,北极地区温度上升,使北极夏季海冰持续减少。据科学家预测,北极海域可能在本世纪中叶甚至更早出现季节性无冰现象。一方面,北极冰雪融化不仅导致北极自然环境变化,而且可能引发气候变暖加速、海平面上升、极端天气现象增多、生物多样性受损等全球性问题。另一方面,北极冰雪融化可能逐步改变北极开发利用的条件,为各国商业利用北极航道和开发北极资源提供机遇。北极的商业开发利用不仅将对全球航运、国际贸易和世界能源供应格局产生重要影响,对北极的经济社会发展带来巨大变化,对北极居民和土著人的生产和生活方式产生重要影响,还可能对北极生态环境造成潜在威胁。在处理涉北极全球性问题方面,国际社会命运与共。
The Arctic boasts a unique natural environment and rich resources, with most of its sea area covered under thick ice for most of the year. The Arctic natural environment is now undergoing rapid changes. Over the past three decades, temperature has been rising continuously in the Arctic, resulting in diminishing sea ice in summer. Scientists predict that by the middle of this century or even earlier, there may be no ice in the Arctic Ocean for part of the year. On the one hand, melting ice in the Arctic has led to changes in the natural environment, or possibly can result in accelerated global warming, rising sea levels, increased extreme weather events, damaged biodiversity, and other global problems. On the other, with the ice melted, conditions for the development of the Arctic may be gradually changed, offering opportunities for the commercial use of sea routes and development of resources in the region. Commercial activities in the region will have considerable impact on global shipping, international trade and energy supply, bring about major social and economic changes, and exert important influence on the way of work and life of Arctic residents including the indigenous peoples. They may also pose a potential threat to the ecological environment of the Arctic. The international community faces the same threat and shares the same future in addressing global issues concerning the Arctic.
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