There are two theories about the psychological mechanism of dyslexia. The first theory is the defect theory of speech processing, and the second is the defect theory of word shape processing. According to the theory of speech processing defects, dyslexia is actually a kind of speech disorder. According to this theory, the problem of dyslexics lies in the defect of phonemic representation. An earlier study found that normal children can correctly divide words into smaller units such as syllables or phonemes before learning written language, while children with dyslexia can not successfully complete this task months after learning written language. More recent studies using perceptual classification tasks have found that it is difficult for dyslexics to distinguish / BA / - / DA / and other speech materials correctly. Another point of view of the theory of phonological processing defects is that people with reading disabilities are not unable to distinguish phonemes correctly, but are defective in perceiving the temporal characteristics of sound. Although the dyslexic can't distinguish the fast presented phonemes, the accuracy of speech recognition can be improved when the pattern of hearing frequency is reduced. According to the theory of morphological processing defects, dyslexia is mainly caused by visual perception defects. Researchers found that many dyslexics often confuse mirrored letters (B / D) with similar letters (M / N). This kind of confusion sometimes appears at the same time with the speech error, but in many cases, the visual error often appears alone. More recent studies have shown that dyslexic readers have the defect of spatial contrast sensitivity. To detect the same contrast, the spatial frequency of stimuli needed by dyslexic readers is twice lower than that of normal readers. These researchers believe that there are many defects in the whole perception of word form, the recognition of detail information of word form, the recognition of motion characteristics of visual stimulation and so on. From the perspective of the research progress of Pinyin characters, it is considered that the main reason for reading disorder is the phonetic defect, which is a relatively dominant point of view. At the same time, the researchers also found that dyslexia has a lot to do with the characteristics of characters. For example, some researchers have found that German children's dyslexia is diagnosed as phoneme segmentation and speech coding difficulties before entering school, but these difficulties will not exist after the fourth grade, and then there are problems such as slow reading speed and poor spelling performance. In English, dyslexics may have difficulties in phoneme segmentation and speech coding all their lives. The researchers believe that this is due to the fact that German has a more consistent correspondence between form and sound than English. There are more differences between ideographic system and pinyin system. Chinese characters have complex two-dimensional structure, which is composed of two or several parts according to certain rules. This makes the relationship between form and sound of Chinese characters more casual, while the corresponding relationship between form and meaning is relatively stronger. Because of the influence of the thought that dyslexia is closely related to the text system, researchers once thought that there is no dyslexia in Chinese, or the incidence of dyslexia is quite low. But the subsequent research has changed people's original view. For example, a questionnaire survey found that [, there is no significant difference in the incidence of Chinese dyslexia and English dyslexia. A recent study found that the incidence of Chinese dyslexic children is no lower than that of Pinyin. Although researchers no longer doubt the existence of Chinese dyslexia, the research on the psychological mechanism of Chinese dyslexia is still immature, and the results are inconsistent. One of the differences is whether visual defect is the cause of Chinese reading disorder. For example, some researchers think that children with Chinese dyslexia do not have non phonetic defects, lack of speech analysis ability and poor speech memory ability are the main causes of children's dyslexia. Another study shows that dyslexia may be related to font recognition. They found that for materials with similar glyphs, children with dyslexia did not show phonological disorders, only in the stimulation of different glyphs. This result has been confirmed in Japanese studies. For example, Yamada found that children with dyslexia have more visual, choice and semantic errors, which they think is due to the large number of kanji in Japanese. Some researches on pinyin have pointed out that there are defects in the whole perception of word form and the recognition of detailed information of word form. The study of Chinese dyslexia shows that the dyslexics have some difficulties in processing the details of Chinese characters, but there is no report on the whole perception of Chinese characters. This study attempts to explore this problem. In the experiment, we use the true and false word judgment to examine the processing of the whole perception of Chinese characters. Considering that there is no clear standard for diagnosing Chinese dyslexic individuals, we also set up a voice task in order to keep consistent with previous studies in the choice of subjects. Our idea is that although the phonological defects can not be identified as the cause of Chinese reading disorder, previous studies have found that the response of Chinese reading disorder is different from that of normal subjects in the phonological task.
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