(三)同伴指导模式
(3) Peer guidance model
这是20世纪80年代中期以来兴起的新型训练模式,即让一个学习障碍儿童帮助另一个学习障碍儿童,或让学习障碍儿童的同伴(即正常儿童)帮助他。这一模式不仅适用于对课程内容的课外辅导,而且也适用于对学习障碍进行社会技能训练。美国的一些研究表明,儿童在集体学习中,其成就水平常常超过了平均数;同时,另外的一些研究则表明,集体活动有助于儿童学业能力的提高。等人在!//$年的一项研究中发现,同伴指导策略有助于提高阅读障碍儿童的阅读流畅性和理解力。CB==D&&‘及其同事发展了经典性同伴指导矫治模式。该模式的具体进行过程是:首先抽取部分儿童作为指导者,把这些指导者介绍给他们的阅读障碍同伴;然后对指导者进行特殊训练,教给他需要给阅读障碍同伴教授的内容及方法;接着安排同伴指导活动,一般一周至少一次。这种模式可以是一对一的,但更多情况下是采用几个指导者与几个同伴共同活动的形式。教师不仅要负责组建同伴群体和训练指导者,还要对指导者进一步训练,或对被指导者进行额外的辅导。
This is a new type of training mode that has been developed since the mid-1980s, that is, let one child with learning disabilities help another child with learning disabilities, or let the companion of the child with learning disabilities (normal children) help him. The first mock exam is not only applicable to extracurricular tutoring, but also to social skills training for learning disabilities. Some studies in the United States have shown that children's achievement level in collective learning often exceeds the average; at the same time, other studies have shown that collective activities help children improve their academic ability. People wait! //In a study of $, it was found that peer guidance strategies can improve reading fluency and comprehension of children with dyslexia. CB = = D & amp; 'and colleagues developed a classic peer-directed correction model. The specific process of the model is: first, select some children as the instructors, introduce these instructors to their dyslexic peers; then carry out special training for the instructors, teach them the content and methods that need to be taught to dyslexic peers; then arrange peer guidance activities, generally at least once a week. This mode can be one-to-one, but more often it is in the form of several mentors and several peers working together. Teachers should not only be responsible for the formation of peer groups and training instructors, but also for further training of instructors, or for additional guidance to the coached.
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