2。文化或教育剥夺。文化或教育剥夺是指缺乏某些社会文化经验,而这些经验对于在学校中的学习又至关重要,因此导致了阅读障碍。一般来说,当儿童处于在文化上受剥夺的环境里时,就会缺乏学习阅读所必需的刺激作用。例如,如果家里没有什么书籍,也从未有人读书给儿童听,儿童也从来没有看到家里有人读书,那么,在这种环境中成长的儿童,自然会缺乏对阅读的学习动机和学习阅读的实践机会,阅读障碍必然十分严重。Clay(1966)、Gocdman(1967)、Herste(1984)等研究者的研究引起了人们对给儿童提供有书的环境这一问题的重视,Cullnian(1989)、Dcnelson&Nilscn(1989)Helper&Hickman(1978)等研究者则进一步指出为儿童提供故事书是帮助他们发展语言、学会说话的一个重要因素。
2. Cultural or educational deprivation. Cultural or educational deprivation refers to the lack of certain social and cultural experience, which is essential for learning in schools, and thus leads to reading disorders. Generally speaking, when children are in a culturally deprived environment, they will lack the stimulation necessary for learning to read. For example, if there are no books at home, no one has ever read books to children, and children have never seen anyone read books at home, then children growing up in this environment will naturally lack the learning motivation and practical opportunities to learn to read, and reading obstacles will be very serious. Clay (1966), gocdman (1967), herste (1984) and other researchers have drawn people's attention to the issue of providing children with a Book environment. Cullnian (1989), dcnelson & nilscn (1989) helper & Hickman (1978) and other researchers have further pointed out that providing children with story books is an important factor to help them develop language and learn to speak.
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