美国“全美学习障碍联合会”(NJCLD)于1981年提出关于学习障碍的新定义,其表述为:“学习障碍指在听、说、读、写、推理或数学运算等方面的获取和运用上表现出显着困难的一群不同性质的学习异常者之通称。这些异常现象是个人内在的,一般认为是指中枢神经系统功能失常。”
In 1981, njcld put forward a new definition of learning disabilities, which is expressed as: "learning disabilities refer to a group of learners with different characteristics who have significant difficulties in acquiring and using in listening, speaking, reading, writing, reasoning or mathematical operations. These abnormalities are intrinsic to individuals and are generally considered to refer to central nervous system dysfunction. "
世界卫生组织于1989年出版的《国际疾病分类》第10版学习障碍归于发育障碍类别下,称为“学习技能发育障碍”,定义是:“发育的早期阶段起,儿童获得学习技能的正常方式受损。这种损害不是单纯缺乏学习机会的结果,不是智力发育迟缓的结果,也不是后天的脑外伤或疾病的结果。这种障碍来源于认识处理过程的异常,由一组障碍所构成,表现在阅读、拼写、计算和运动功能方面有特殊和明显的损害。”
In 1989, the 10th edition of the international classification of diseases published by the World Health Organization (who), learning disabilities are classified under the category of developmental disorders, called "developmental disorders of learning skills", which is defined as: "from the early stage of development, children's normal way of acquiring learning skills is impaired. This kind of damage is not the result of the lack of learning opportunities, not the result of mental retardation, nor the result of postnatal brain injury or disease. This kind of obstacle comes from the abnormal process of cognitive processing, which is composed of a group of obstacles. It has special and obvious damage in reading, spelling, calculation and motor function. "
【中学生阅读学习障碍综述】相关文章:
★ 高二英语作文:Protecting the Children
★ 高一优秀英语作文关于教师节:Thank you Teachers
★ 妈妈的眼睛
★ 高考英语作文:Autumn in Countryside
★ 高二英语作文精彩范文500字:Every day is a gift from God