(二)内部原因
(2) Internal causes
1。轻微脑机能障碍。轻微脑机能障碍(以下简称MBD)是指由于损伤而造成的中枢神经系统功能的不规则作用,出生时的脑损伤或神经系统发展关键年龄时的疾病。这种功能异常可以表现为知觉、概念化作用、语言、记忆、注意等各方面缺点的不同组合,从而对阅读过程产生影响。有人认为,在MBD的症状中,成熟的延迟和左侧化不足是出现阅读障碍的原因。Sparron等(1970)曾对阅读障碍儿童和正常儿童单侧化表现上的差异进行了考察。发现阅读障碍儿童和正常儿童在单侧化早期发展方面(如手眼协调)没有差别,但在后期发展的所有指标上(如单侧觉察和手指的分化等)都有差别。P。sate等(1971)考察了不同发展年龄上居于支配地位的各种技能,结果发现,阅读障碍儿童与同龄正常儿童相比,在通常是这一年龄阶段形成的一些技能上(如某些视动整合作业)虽然是有差别的,但在一些后来才会变得熟练的技能上并没有显着差别。应当指出的是,所发现的阅读障碍儿童和正常儿童在发展速度上的差别并不意味着所有的阅读障碍儿童都表现出成熟上的延迟,即使是由MBD导致的阅读障碍也不见得都表现为成熟上的延迟。
1. Mild brain dysfunction. Mild brain dysfunction (hereinafter referred to as MBD) refers to the irregular function of central nervous system caused by injury, brain injury at birth or diseases at critical age of nervous system development. This kind of functional abnormality can be manifested as different combinations of the shortcomings of perception, conceptualization, language, memory, attention and so on, which will affect the reading process. Some people think that in the symptoms of MBD, the delay of maturity and the lack of left side are the causes of dyslexia. Sparron et al. (1970) have investigated the difference of unilateral performance between children with dyslexia and normal children. It was found that there was no difference in the early development of unilateral (such as hand eye coordination) between children with dyslexia and normal children, but there were differences in all indicators of late development (such as unilateral awareness and finger differentiation). P. Sate et al. (1971) examined the dominant skills at different ages of development. The results showed that children with dyslexia, compared with normal children of the same age, had differences in some skills (such as some visual motor integration tasks) usually formed at this age stage, but had no significant differences in some skills that would become proficient later. It should be noted that the difference in development speed between dyslexic children and normal children does not mean that all dyslexic children show delay in maturity, and even the dyslexic children caused by MBD do not show delay in maturity.
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