世界神经学协会给特殊发展性阅读障碍下的定义是:“不受传统教学、智力和社会文化因素影响的、表现为学习阅读困难的失调,它依赖于基本的认知障碍,这种认知障碍通常存在某种结构性根源。”
The definition of special developmental dyslexia given by the world Neurology Association is: "dyslexia, which is not affected by traditional teaching, intelligence and social and cultural factors, is manifested as learning and reading difficulties. It depends on basic cognitive disorders, which usually have some structural roots."
所谓“阅读障碍”是指对阅读技能的掌握落后于年龄常模,而落后的原因又不是智力落后、重大脑损伤或严重的情绪不稳定”。([美]E。J。Gibson)。
The so-called "dyslexia" refers to the fact that the mastery of reading skills lags behind the age norm, and the reasons for the lag are not mental retardation, major brain injury or serious emotional instability. (beauty) e. J. Gibson).
儿童阅读障碍主要包括认字和理解两大部分。具有阅读障碍的儿童在学习过程中一般会出现以下特征:①阅读速度慢,逐字阅读,有时需要用手指的协调;②易出现错读,如跳行、省略、替代、歪曲、添加或颠倒字词;③阅读时停顿次数太多,或者经常不知道读到哪里了;④对短语的成分划分不准确;⑤读后不能回忆阅读的内容;⑥不能从阅读材料中得出结论,即不能概括中心思想;⑦常用常识作为背景,而不是以文章中的材料来回答问题,即答非所问;⑧听写成绩差。
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