1、知策略训练。
1. Knowledge strategy training.
研究者发现,学习障碍儿童的一个重要问题在于他们缺乏某些有效的认知策略,或者不会选用恰当的策略。认知策略训练的基本程序如下:①对阅读障碍儿童的现有策略水平进行测评,明确这些儿童的劣势所在,并确立所要训练的目标策略;②向儿童解释目标策略;③示范目标策略的使用;④言语预演;⑤提供低难度的材料,进行有控制的练习,并给予反馈;⑥提供与阅读障碍儿童年龄水平相当难度的阅读材料,进行练习并给予反馈;⑦测评阅读障碍儿童的策略,并指导儿童学会如何根据任务来选择恰当的策略;⑧在实际学习中实现迁移。
The researchers found that an important problem for children with learning disabilities is that they lack some effective cognitive strategies or do not choose appropriate strategies. The basic procedures of cognitive strategy training are as follows: ① evaluate the current strategy level of children with dyslexia, identify the disadvantages of these children, and establish the goal strategies to be trained; ② explain the goal strategies to children; ③ demonstrate the use of goal strategies; ④ speech rehearsal; ⑤ provide low-difficulty materials, conduct controlled exercises and give feedback; ⑥ provide and For reading materials of quite difficult age level of children with reading disabilities, practice and give feedback; ⑦ evaluate the strategies of children with reading disabilities, and guide children to learn how to choose appropriate strategies according to tasks; ⑧ realize transfer in actual learning.
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