2. Genetic factors. Genetic factors are also the reason why a person can't learn to read well. Genetic factors may cause dyslexia either because it determines the slow development of some skills, or because it sets the limits of some skills. Any delay in the development of the skills needed to learn reading will delay children's mastery of reading. A child's ability may be limited by heredity, which is at the lower end of the normal distribution of perception and language skills. Therefore, a child cannot learn to read well. Geneticists have found that there are regulatory genes that control the speed of development. It has been proved that the development of some language skills depends on the potential existing in the genotype. It has been found that many speech and reading disorders often occur in a family after studying the literature on the genetic factors of language ability, which shows that genetic transmission is related to language ability.

三、阅读障碍的诊断

3、 Diagnosis of dyslexia

要对阅读障碍儿童进行干预矫治，其前提是对阅读障碍进行较为准确的判断。一般说来，阅读障碍的诊断方式可以分为：常模参照测验、标准参照测验、非正式评价策略和课程参照评估等四种方式。为了研究的方便，在对大样本进行测查、筛选、为共性实验做准备时，人们多采用“智力———成就差异”测试作为诊断学习障碍的依据，也就是说智商在85分以上（一般采用韦氏儿童智力量表或瑞文标准推理测验），并且学业成绩明显低于其智力水平（一般认为是低于两个年纪级的水平），就可以诊断有阅读障碍。如果是针对特定个体进行矫治，就必须采用更细微的诊断方法来确定阅读障碍的具体类型，以便对症下药。在筛选患有阅读障碍的儿童时，一些研究者采取了分层检测的策略：①由当地学区确定哪些儿童为学习困难儿童；②在常模参照智力测验中得分必须在80到120之间；③阅读成绩至少低于平均数一个标准差；④阅读能力仍处于低年级最基础的水平；⑤不存在其他方面的障碍。如果满足以上5个条件，该儿童就被认为存在阅读障碍。

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