…not only is the amount of water taken from the river rising, but the waste being put back into the river has also been increasing.不仅长江的取水量在增加,而且回放到长江的废物也在增加。(不间断性)
Asia is the largest continent covering (= which covers) one third of the earth’s land area.亚洲是最大的大陆,它覆盖地球陆地面积的三分之一。(经常性)
He told us to keep a secret of the things being discussed (=which were being discussed)他叫我们为正在讨论的事情保守秘密。(同时性,与told同时发生)
The old man, having worked abroad for twenty years (=who has worked abroad for twenty years), is on the way back to his motherland.(2004江苏,29)这位老人,在国外已经工作了20年,现在就要回国了。(非限制性的定语,起补充说明作用。)
5. done作定语表示动作“已经被动完成”或“没有一定的时间性的被动”,只是说明被修饰词的特征,与被修饰的词之间具有主谓关系。例如:
This is a factory built (=which was built) in 1977.这是一个1977年建的工厂。
He is a man loved and respected (=who is loved and respected) by all.他是一个受到大家爱戴的人。
6. a developed country,a developing country和a sleeping car的区别。
a developed country属于过去分词作定语。过去分词作定语表示“被动和完成”,所以,a developed country =a country that is/has been developed意为“一个发达的国家”;a developing country属于现在分词作定语。现在分词作定语表示“动作正在进行”,所以, a developing country =a country that is developing意为“一个发展中的国家”;a sleeping car属于动名词作定语。动名词作定语表示“作用或用途”,所以,a sleeping car=a car for sleeping or a car used for sleeping意为“一节卧车”。
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