I found some leaders seated at the back of our classroom.我发现几个领导坐在教室的后排。
该句用过去分词作宾语补足语,补足说明宾语的状态。说明几个领导“已经坐下”。seated=that they were seated/that they had seated themselves。如果把seated改为being seated,则说明几个领导“正在坐下。”being seated=that they were seating themselves/seating themselves。
但是,用于祈使句,两者都表示动作。如:Seat yourself! = Be seated! 坐下!与seat用法相同的词还有hide:hide oneself;be hidden。
总之,选择doing,being done,done和having been done作状语的依据是:与主语构成“be done”系表结构用done,“be+n.”等系表结构用doing。与主语具有主动关系、构成一般时态或进行时态用doing。与主语构成进行时态的被动句用being done。与主语构成一般时态的被动句用done,完成时态的被动句用having been done。例如:
He is sitting on the sofa, watching TV and satisfied with a smile on his face. (=He is watching TV. He is satisfied with a smile on his face.)他坐在沙发上,看着电视,脸上露出了满意的微笑。
Look to the right and left when crossing (=when you are crossing/when you cross) the street.过马路时,要环顾左右。
Being a very tall man (=As he was a very tall man), he took hold of the elephant’s ear.他是一个高个,抓住了大象的耳朵。
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