Having done her homework (=After she did/she had done/When she had done her homework), she went to bed.她做完作业以后睡的觉。
Having been shown (=After we had been shown) the lab, we were taken to see the library.我们被领着看了实验室,然后又被着参观了图书馆。
Having observed the problem for many years (=After he observed/he had observed the problem for many years), he announced that we are now facing the biggest environmental problem of our time他观察了这个问题多年之后宣布,我们现在正面临着这个时代最大的环境问题。
2. 原因状语:to do,doing,being,done,having done和having been done
⑴to do常用在情感动词和情感形容词的后面,与主语具有主动的主谓关系,表示其动作与谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生,有时可理解为时间状语。例如:
You were silly not to have locked your car. (=You were silly because you had not locked your car.)(2004湖南,33)你没有把车锁上,真傻。
I’m so sorry to hear (=as I hear) your mother is ill.听到你妈妈病了,我很难过。
⑵doing与主语之间具有主动的主谓关系,其动作与谓语动作同时发生;相当于原因状语从句。例如:
Not knowing English (=As/Because he didn’t know English), he couldn’t understand the film.由于不懂英语,他看不懂那部电影。
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