There having been no rain for a long time, the ground was very dry.因为好长时间没下雨了,地面非常干燥。(原因状语no rain for a long time)
In front of the house was a tall tree, its top (being) well above the tops of the other trees.房子前面是一颗大树,树稍高出了其它树很多。(补充说明,=whose top was well above the tops of the other trees)
⑵逻辑主语+doing (sth.)
doing是一种行为动词的现在分词形式,表示主动,作条件和时间状语时,表示动作在将来发生,若把独立主格结构变成状语从句,从句中的谓语用一般时态;作原因、伴随状语或补充说明时,表示动作与谓语动作同时发生或紧接着发生,若把独立主格结构变成状语从句或并列句,从句中或并列句中的时态要视情况用进行时态或一般时态。例如:
Time/Weather permitting (=If the time/weather permits), we’ll look around the city.条件许可,我们就去逛街。(条件状语)Mary coming back, they discussed it together.玛丽回来,我们就一起讨论。(时间状语,=When Mary came back)
Nobody having any more to say, the meeting was closed.既然再没人发言,会议就结束了。(原因状语,=Since nobody had any more to say)
He lay on his back, his glaring eyes looking straight upward.他仰面躺着,一双愤怒的眼睛直视上方。(伴随状语,=and his glaring eyes were looking straight upward)
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